Agriculture and rural transformation are crucial for achieving inclusive growth and development in India. With more than half of the population relying on agriculture for their livelihoods, the sector is central to ensuring food security, creating jobs, and reducing poverty. Yet, it faces major obstacles such as low productivity, small and fragmented landholdings, and climate related risks. Rural transformation extends beyond farming, involving better infrastructure, education, healthcare, and opportunities for non-farm employment. Advancing rural development through an integrated approach that combines agricultural reforms with broader social and economic inclusion is key to fostering a strong and resilient rural economy.

Sub themes: 

(i)   Agricultural Development

(ii)  Market Access and Agri- infrastructure

(iii) Rural Economy Diversification

(iv) Rural Infrastructure and Services

(v) Governance and Policy Support.

The industrial sector is a key driver of economic growth, employment generation, and technological progress. In India, manufacturing is a cornerstone of the ambition to become a $5 trillion economy, supported by initiatives like “Make in India” and production-Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes that aim to enhance domestic output and global competitiveness. However, the sector still contends with challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, regulatory complexities, and limited innovation. To unlock its full potential, there is a need for greater investment in advanced technologies, workforce training, and sustainable industrial practices. A strong manufacturing base not only boosts exports and reduces import dependence but also promotes inclusive growth by creating jobs in both urban and semi-urban areas.

Sub themes: 

(i) Industrial Policy and Structural Reforms

(ii)Manufacturing Competitiveness and Innovation

(iii) Infrastructure and Investment

(iv) Green and Sustainable Manufacturing

(v) Industrial strategy in the changing global context.

Global trade is increasingly influenced by changing geopolitical forces, growing protectionism, and shifting supply chain models. The post-pandemic environment and rising tensions among major global powers have triggered trade realignments, affecting the flow of goods, services, and investments worldwide. Developments such as trade wars, economic sanctions, and strategic decoupling— particularly among leading economies—pose significant threats to global economic stability. For India, these shifts present both challenges and strategic opportunities to expand trade ties, broaden its export base, and integrate more deeply into resilient global value chains. Successfully navigating this complex environment will require adaptive trade policies, proactive diplomacy, and economic resilience to protect national interests while participating in a more multipolar global economy.

Sub themes:

(i) Global Economic Integration and Trade Dynamics

(ii) De Globalisation: Trade War & Protectionism

(iii) Trade Policy Changes, FDI and Supply Chain Restructuring

(iv) International Trade & Developing Economies

(v) Energy, Environment, Technology, and Trade

Social inclusion, employment, and human development are essential pillars for creating a fair and sustainable society. True inclusive growth means ensuring that all groups— especially women, youth, and marginalized communities—have equal access to opportunities and resources. Generating employment across both formal and informal sectors is crucial for alleviating poverty and raising living standards. Advancing human development through quality education, accessible healthcare, and skill-building equips individuals to actively participate in and benefit from economic growth. True inclusive growth means ensuring that all groups—especially women, youth, and marginalized communities—have equal access to opportunities and resources. Generating employment across both formal and informal sectors is crucial for alleviating poverty and raising living standards. Advancing human development through quality education, accessible healthcare, and skill-building equips individuals to actively participate in and benefit from economic growth. In India, bridging regional imbalances, closing gender gaps, and tackling social inequalities are critical for inclusive development. A people-first approach that aligns social justice with economic policy is key to achieving lasting national progress.

Sub themes:         

(i) Social inclusion and equity

(ii) Employment and livelihood

(iii) Human capital development

(iv) Policy, governance and inclusion

Tamil Nadu, situated at the southern tip of India, is a state renowned for its historical significance, cultural richness, and natural splendour. Flanked by the Bay of Bengal on the east, Kerala to the west, Karnataka to the northwest, and Andhra Pradesh to the north, it occupies a prominent place in India’s geographical and cultural map. Its capital, Chennai, is a major centre for business, education, and the arts in South India. With a heritage that stretches back more than 2,000 years, Tamil Nadu is home to one of the world’s oldest continuous civilizations. It is the birthplace of the Tamil language, one of the most ancient classical languages still in use, and a vital part of the state’s cultural identity. Historic empires like the Cholas, Pandya’s, and Pallavas contributed to its legacy through awe-inspiring temples, detailed sculptures, and monumental architecture, many of which are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The state is celebrated for its dynamic customs, classical dance forms such as Bharatanatyam, traditional Carnatic music, and colourful festivals like Pongal and Deepavali. It also boasts a long-standing literary tradition that dates to the Sangam period. Economically, Tamil Nadu plays a key role in India’s development, excelling in sectors like automobile manufacturing, information technology, and agriculture.

Tamil Nadu boasts one of India’s most vibrant and diverse economies. It is a leading state in industrial production, with key industries including automobiles, textiles, electronics, and information technology. The state serves as a major manufacturing centre, supported by numerous industrial parks and Special Economic Zones (SEZs). Agriculture remains essential, with crops like rice, sugarcane, and cotton widely cultivated. The capital city, Chennai, is often referred to as the “Detroit of India” for its booming automobile sector. Tamil Nadu also excels in renewable energy generation and exports, playing a crucial role in driving both regional and national economic development.

 Sub themes: 

(i) Tamil Nadu Economy in the Twenty First Century

(ii)  SDGs Vis- a Vis Local Development in Tamil Nadu

(iii)  Agricultural Development and Sustainability.

(iv) Infrastructure and Urban Development

(v)   Tourism and Cultural Economy

(vi)  Industrial Growth and Investment Opportunities